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China's Renewable Energy Ambitions: Energy Storage with Lead–Acid Batteries
Lead-acid batteries, the oldest and most widespread rechargeable electrochemical devices, have historically dominated Automotive,?UPS, and telecom backup applications. Despite this, their adoption for large-scale stationary energy storage has been slow. However, with increasing demands for load-leveling, renewable energy integration, and power quality maintenance, there's a renewed interest in their development. This chapter delves into the core principles of lead-acid chemistry, its evolution for stationary energy storage, and presents examples of operational battery installations. Notably, lead-acid batteries?play a crucial role in the renewable energy sector due to their reliability and proven track record.
Meanwhile, China, recognizing the strategic importance of renewable energy, has made significant strides in its development. The enactment of the Renewable Energy Law in 2006 marked a pivotal moment, underlining China's commitment to renewable energy. Subsequent initiatives, including the Renewable Energy Resources Mid-long Term Plan unveiled in 2007, demonstrated China's ambitious goals to accelerate renewable energy exploitation and drive technological advancements, particularly in photovoltaics (PV) and wind power.
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| China's main long-term energy storage demonstrationprojects (part) | |||||
| Project | Energy storage technology | Scale | Energy storage time | ||
| Wenzhou project of clean energy branch of Huaneng | compressed air energy storage | 100-200MW | ? | ||
| Philadelphia peak shaving power station of CGGC | compressed air energy storage | 5000MUS | 6h | ||
| Changzhou project of China salt Huaneng energy storage | compressed air energy storage | 60-1000MW | ? | ||
| Lishui project of clean energy branch of Huaneng | compressed air energy storage | 100MW | ? | ||
| Datong coal mine energy storage project of JINNENG HOLDING GROUP | compressed air energy storage | 60-100MW | 4h | ||
| Pingdingshan project of Shengguang Energy Storage | compressed air energy storage | 100MW | 8h | ||
| Zhangjiakou project of Zhangbel Giant Energy | compressed air energy storage | 100MW | 4h | ||
| Dalian 200MW all-vanadium redox power plant | flow battery | 200MW | 4h | ||
| Wuhan all-vanadium liquid flow project of CGN | flow battery | 100MW | 4h | ||
| Xiangyang all-vanadium liquid flow project of SPIC | flow battery | 100MW | 5h | ||
(From 2022 -2024)
China's support for renewable energy continued through various plans and policies, such as the issuance of the Renewable Energy Mid-Long Term Plan and The 11th 5-year Plan for Renewable Energy Development in 2007. These initiatives outlined clear pathways to enhance the role of renewable energy in China's energy mix and facilitate technological progress and industrialization in key sectors like PV and wind power.
Looking ahead, China's renewable energy sector is poised for further growth with government support and a conducive policy environment. The country's ambitious plans underscore its commitment to transitioning towards a more sustainable and environmentally friendly energy future. Lead-acid batteries, with their reliability and versatility, are expected to play a significant role in supporting this transition by providing efficient and cost-effective energy storage solutions.
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